Durkheim had made changes to school curricula across France, and after his death a backlash against his students began. The postwar years were also difficult politically for Mauss. Many of his friends and colleagues died in the war, and Durkheim died shortly before its end. The years of World War I were absolutely devastating for Mauss. It was at this time that he began drawing more and more on ethnography, and his work began increasingly to look like what we would today call anthropology. Mauss took up a chair in the 'history of religion and uncivilized peoples' at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in 1901. He was particularly active in the events of the Dreyfus affair and towards the end of the century he helped edit such left-wing papers as le Populaire, l'Humanité and le Mouvement Socialiste, the last in collaboration with Georges Sorel. Like many members of Année Sociologique Mauss was attracted to socialism, particularly that espoused by Jean Jaurès. His first publication in 1896 marked the beginning of a prolific career that would produce several landmarks in the sociological literature. Instead of taking the usual route of teaching at a lycée, however, Mauss moved to Paris and took up the study of comparative religion and the Sanskrit language.
Mauss was born in Épinal, Vosges to a Jewish family, and studied philosophy at Bordeaux, where his uncle Émile Durkheim was teaching at the time and agregated in 1893.
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